Skip to content

Positive discrimination

Explore yourself with ashtonishing ideas

Menu
  • Home
  • General
  • Business
  • Technology
  • Entertainment
Menu

Category: Business

Small Business

Local Small Businesses Create Jobs and Strengthen Communities Together

Posted on October 9, 2024October 10, 2024 by James McManus

Small businesses are the backbone of the American economy, playing a pivotal role in job creation and community development. Their influence extends beyond economic benefits; they foster community cohesion, drive innovation, and enhance the quality of life for residents. This paragraph delves into how local small businesses not only create jobs but also strengthen communities.

Economic Impact

Small businesses are significant contributors to job creation. According to the U. S. Small Business Administration SBA, small businesses account for approximately 64% of new private-sector jobs. This statistic highlights the essential role these enterprises play in stimulating local economies. When a new small business opens its doors, it often requires employees, leading to immediate job opportunities for residents. Moreover, small businesses frequently source materials and services from other local companies, creating a ripple effect that stimulates further economic growth. By circulating money within the community, these businesses contribute to a robust local economy, where funds are reinvested to support other businesses and community projects.

Small Business

Building Community Connections

Beyond their economic contributions, small businesses serve as community hubs, fostering connections among residents. They often create an environment where locals can gather, socialize, and engage with one another. For instance, a neighborhood café not only offers a place to enjoy coffee but also serves as a venue for community events, local art displays, and meetings. These interactions help build relationships among residents, creating a sense of belonging and community pride. Additionally, small businesses are often more attuned to the needs and values of their communities, leading to tailored products and services that resonate with local consumers.

Encouraging Innovation and Entrepreneurship

Local small businesses are hotbeds of innovation and creativity. Entrepreneurs often start these businesses to fill gaps in the market or to bring unique products and services to their communities. This spirit of innovation not only enhances consumer choice but also encourages a competitive business environment that fosters improvement and sneak a peek at these guys. Furthermore, when local entrepreneurs succeed, they inspire others to follow suit, creating a cycle of entrepreneurship that drives economic growth and job creation.

Strengthening Local Identity

Small businesses play a crucial role in defining the character and identity of a community. They often reflect the culture, values, and traditions of the area, making them vital to local heritage. By supporting small businesses, residents can preserve the unique aspects of their community, from local eateries that serve traditional dishes to shops that sell handmade crafts. This preservation not only strengthens community identity but also attracts visitors, further boosting the local economy.

In conclusion, local small businesses are essential for creating jobs and strengthening communities. Their economic impact, role in fostering connections, encouragement of innovation, and contribution to local identity makes them invaluable assets. By supporting small businesses, communities can ensure sustainable growth and development, paving the way for a brighter future for all residents.

Read more

Essential Massage Tips to Enhance Your Business Travel Experience

Posted on August 16, 2024August 12, 2024 by James McManus

Business travel often demands intense focus and energy, and maintaining your well-being on the road is crucial for maximizing productivity and comfort. Incorporating massage therapy into your travel routine can provide significant benefits, helping you stay relaxed, refreshed, and ready for your engagements. Here are some essential massage tips to enhance your business travel experience:

Schedule Ahead: One of the most effective ways to ensure you benefit from massage therapy during your trip is to book your sessions in advance. Many hotels offer in-house spa services or can recommend nearby wellness centers. By scheduling your massages ahead of time, you ensure that you have a spot reserved and avoid the stress of last-minute arrangements. Aim to book massages at strategic times, such as after long flights or before crucial meetings, to maximize their benefits.

Thai Massage Services

Choose the Right Type of Massage: Different types of massages offer varying benefits, so it is important to select one that suits your needs. For instance, a deep tissue massage is excellent for relieving tension and soreness from prolonged sitting or travel. A Swedish massage, on the other hand, can help with relaxation and overall stress reduction. If you are unsure which type is best for you, consult with your massage therapist before the session to discuss your specific needs and preferences.

Utilize In-Room Services: Many high-end hotels and resorts offer in-room massage services, providing the convenience of relaxation without the need to leave your accommodation. This can be particularly beneficial when your schedule is tight or when you prefer a more private and comfortable environment. Check with your hotel in advance to see if this service is available and book a session that fits your schedule.

Practice Self-Massage Techniques: Even if you cannot access professional massage services, you can still benefit from self-massage techniques. Portable tools like massage balls, foam rollers, or handheld massagers can help relieve muscle tension and promote circulation. Learning a few simple self-massage techniques can provide immediate relief and help manage discomfort during your travels.

Prioritize Hydration: After a 출장 스웨디시, it is important to stay well hydrated. Massage therapy helps release toxins from your muscles, which can be flushed out more effectively through proper hydration. Drinking plenty of water before and after your massage session can enhance its benefits and contribute to overall well-being.

Combine with Other Wellness Practices: To amplify the benefits of massage therapy, consider integrating other wellness practices into your routine. Gentle stretching exercises, mindfulness meditation, and proper sleep hygiene can complement the effects of massage and support your overall health during business travel. Maintaining a balanced approach to self-care can help you, stay energized and focused throughout your trip.

By following these essential massage tips, you can enhance your business travel experience, ensuring that you remain comfortable, relaxed, and productive. Incorporating massage therapy into your travel routine not only alleviates physical strain but also helps manage stress, leading to a more successful and enjoyable business journey.

Read more

Beyond Traditional Advertising – The Power of Promotional Products for Modern Marketing

Posted on March 1, 2024March 1, 2024 by James McManus

In today’s fast-paced digital age, where consumers are bombarded with advertisements from every direction, standing out from the crowd has become increasingly challenging for businesses. While traditional advertising methods such as TV commercials, online banners, and social media ads still hold significance, savvy marketers are exploring alternative strategies to capture the attention of their target audience. One such strategy that has gained traction is the use of promotional products as a powerful tool for modern marketing campaigns. Promotional products, also known as branded merchandise or giveaways, are tangible items imprinted with a company’s logo or message. These items can range from everyday essentials like pens, mugs, and tote bags to more unique products such as tech gadgets, apparel, and eco-friendly items. What sets promotional products apart from other forms of advertising is their ability to create a lasting impression and evoke positive associations with the brand. One of the key advantages of using promotional products in marketing campaigns is their tangible nature.

Unlike digital ads that can easily be ignored or forgotten, physical items have a tangible presence that engages multiple senses. When a consumer receives a promotional product, they interact with it directly, creating a memorable experience that fosters brand recall. Whether it is using a branded pen to jot down notes or wearing a company-branded t-shirt, recipients become walking advertisements, spreading brand awareness wherever they go. Businesses can choose items that align with their brand identity and target audience, ensuring that the promotional products resonate with recipients. For example, a fitness apparel company might give away branded water bottles or sweatbands at a marathon event, effectively targeting health-conscious individuals who are likely to use these items regularly. By tailoring promotional products to specific demographics or events, businesses can maximize their impact and ROI. In addition to their promotional value, branded merchandise also fosters a sense of goodwill and loyalty among customers. When consumers receive freebies or gifts from a company, they perceive it as a gesture of appreciation, strengthening their connection to the brand.

Studies have shown that recipients of promotional products are more likely to have a favorable impression of the company and are more inclined to do business with them in the future. This positive brand association can lead to increased customer loyalty and word-of-mouth referrals, ultimately driving sales and revenue growth. Unlike traditional advertising channels that require ongoing expenditures, promotional products have a one-time cost associated with their production and distribution. Once distributed, these items continue to promote the brand for an extended period, providing long-term exposure at a fraction of the cost of other advertising mediums. Additionally, promotional products have a higher perceived value compared to traditional ads, making them more likely to be retained and used by recipients. The produits promotionnels offer a unique and effective way for businesses to cut through the noise and connect with consumers in today’s competitive marketplace. By leveraging the tangible nature, versatility, and promotional value of branded merchandise, marketers can create memorable experiences that leave a lasting impression on their target audience.

Read more

The Impact of Discordbooster Server on the business Industry

Posted on May 6, 2023May 4, 2023 by James McManus

Discordbooster server has a significant impact on the business industry. The platform provides businesses with an opportunity to reach out to a wider audience and grow their customer base. With Discordbooster server, businesses can create engaging and interactive communities where they can connect with their customers and build brand loyalty. Here are some of the ways that Discordbooster server has impacted the business industry:

Increased brand awareness: Discordbooster server enables businesses to increase their brand awareness by creating engaging communities. With the help of Discordbooster server, businesses can reach out to a wider audience and create a strong online presence. By creating a Discordbooster server, businesses can showcase their products and services and engage with their customers in real-time.

Better customer engagement: Discordbooster server provides businesses with a platform to engage with their customers in a more interactive and meaningful way. Through Discordbooster server, businesses can communicate with their customers and respond to their queries in real-time. This leads to better customer satisfaction and loyalty.

Improved customer support: With Discordbooster server, businesses can provide their customers with 247 supports. This means that customers can get their queries answered anytime, anywhere. This leads to better customer satisfaction and helps businesses build long-term relationships with their customers.

Increased sales: The discordbooster server enables businesses to promote their products and services to a wider audience. By creating engaging and interactive communities, businesses can attract more customers and increase their sales. This leads to increased revenue and growth opportunities for businesses.

Better feedback: Discordbooster server enables businesses to get feedback from their customers in real-time. This feedback helps businesses improve their products and services and provide better customer experiences. By using Discordbooster server, businesses can listen to their customers and make informed decisions based on their feedback.

In conclusion, Discordbooster server has had a significant impact on the business industry. The platform provides businesses with an opportunity to reach out to a wider audience, build brand loyalty, and increase their sales. By using Discordbooster server, businesses can create engaging and interactive communities where they can connect with their customers and build long-term relationships. With the help of Discordbooster server, businesses can improve their customer support, get better feedback, and create a strong online presence. Overall, Discordbooster is a revolutionary platform that offers a wide range of features to enhance your communication and interaction capabilities. Whether you are a business owner looking to improve customer engagement or an individual looking to create a more engaged and active community, Discordbooster can help you achieve your goals

Read more

Instruction Deal to Get Financing For Your Small Business

Posted on April 2, 2023March 29, 2023 by James McManus

In the present unfriendly financial climate, admittance to capital is the essential separating factor between those businesses which have had the option to grow and acquire piece of the pie versus those that have encountered gigantic drops in income. The explanation numerous small businesses have seen their deals and income drop emphatically, numerous with the end result of shutting their entryways, while numerous huge enterprises have figured out how to increment deals, open new retail tasks, and develop income per share is that a small business quite often depends solely on customary business bank financing, for example, SBA advances and unstable credit extensions, while enormous public companies approach the public business sectors, for example, the securities exchange or security market, for admittance to capital. Before the beginning of the monetary emergencies and the resulting Extraordinary Downturn, a considerable lot of the biggest business banks were taking part in an income sans work strategy and straightforwardly loaning to small businesses, whose proprietors had great FICO assessments and some industry experience.

business

A significant number of these business credits comprised of unstable business credit extensions and portion advances that necessary no guarantee. These credits were quite often solely upheld by an individual surety from the business proprietor. Therefore great individual credit was everything that was expected to basically ensure a business credit endorsement. During this period, a large number of small business proprietors utilized these business credits and credit extensions to get to the capital they expected to finance working capital necessities that included finance costs, gear buys, upkeep, fixes, promoting, charge commitments, and development valuable open doors and check this https://www.youtube.com/@AnthonyNataleNJ/featured. Simple admittance to these capital assets permitted numerous small businesses to prosper and to oversee income needs as they emerged. However, numerous business proprietors developed excessively hopeful and many made forceful development estimates and took on progressively unsafe wagers.

Thus, numerous aggressive business proprietors started to extend their business activities and acquired vigorously from small business advances and credit extensions, with the expectation of having the option to repay these weighty obligation loads through future development and expanded benefits. However long banks kept up with this ‘income sans work’ strategy, resource values kept on rising, buyers proceeded to spend, and business proprietors kept on growing using expanded influence. Be that as it may, ultimately, this party would arrive at a sudden completion. The following freeze of the credit markets caused the pinion wheels of the U.S. monetary framework to come to a crushing end. Banks quit loaning for the time being and the abrupt absence of income sans work which had caused resource values, particularly home costs, to increment as of late, presently make those exact same resource values plunge. As resource values collapsed, business bank accounting reports disintegrated and stock costs imploded. The times of income sans work had finished. The party was authoritatively finished.

Read more

Making Motion pictures and Film Monetary benefactors

Posted on March 6, 2023March 7, 2023 by James McManus

There are unbelievably gifted expected producers out there that never make a film since they cannot drive themselves to face a challenge them. Communicating yes to making a film begins with a disposition that in any case expecting your film is attracting or unpleasant in any event you give it a real goes to check whether you got the fire in you to make motion pictures. In the space of creation of motion pictures, particularly at the independent film level, there are zero ensures that each sure producer that decides to go from screenplay to appropriated film will make it past what many would think about conceivable. Making films is unsafe inventively and financially. Once in a while a film self-destructs during pre-creation, recording or in after creation for stores of various reasons. Making a film to us looks like betting. You set forth a fair endeavor as a movie producer to move the conceivable outcomes in favor of yourself however much as could reasonably be expected so you can win.

Communicating yes to making a film is truly putting your butt out there inventively and financially. Different new movies are maintained through family, associates, online film swarm funding or your own money. We are as of now wavering if it is all the more persistently to convey yes to making a film with cash from loved ones and your own pocket or to regulate film financial well-informed authorities. Truly, utilizing on the web film swarm supporting to us is without risk filmmaking. Individuals that give are not giving you cash hoping to truly see anything back or procure an advanced degree of advantage. It looks like betting with a bankroll that is free. Right when we give cash to individuals that set up for business past stores we do not expect anything back when we put cash in the holder or can.

Precisely when you use cash from family, accomplices, your own cash or film money related master’s money there is a substantially more grounded sense to hear Ryan Kavanaugh forbes film done in our viewpoint. No producer needs to go facing family, companions or film inspectors and state they could not complete the film. Loved ones are reliably benevolent at last, yet you will truly feel a fiery setback on the off chance that you cannot give a completed film like you revealed to them you would. Film scholars are not exonerating and will eliminate you from future film holds. They can restrict the incident, yet your standing will have through a chance and you will miss those putting resources into your movies later on. Tracking down cash to make motion pictures is more vigorously than making the film. Without film subsidizing you essentially have a screenplay and a film making dream staying with you.

Read more

Business Development Instruments for Getting Huge cash

Posted on February 17, 2023February 17, 2023 by James McManus

Having the vital apparatuses in building any sort of business is significant. Two of the most widely recognized business instruments you can utilize are an arrangement and dependable counsel. Both of these instruments are accessible on the web, given by internet counseling firms. Whether you are beginning or as of now have one, having a strong foundation is significant. This establishment can be what you can call a business plan. A business plan is a conventional assertion, wherein you state where you see you are making a beeline for or laying out your objectives. Your arrangement can likewise contain the explanations behind putting forth your objectives and your arrangement to accomplish them. Other than having an arrangement, business proprietors likewise frequently really like to utilize the assistance of

Business Development

Advantages of Business Plans and Conferences

Arranging can assist with working on every one of the parts of your business, particularly your HR. You can work on the nature of your arrangement, by having representatives and the administrative division engaged with the execution of the arrangement. Expansive inclusion can likewise cultivate responsibility and reliability, not exclusively to the arrangement, yet additionally to your organization. Conferences can assist with expanding your organization execution, and gain outside and objective counsel and proposals through the interview investigations.

Business Plan Devices

Most business sites can furnish you with downloadable arrangement instruments, for example, plan layouts, monetary wizards, and report generators.

Business Plan Formats

Business plan layouts can assist you with making your well-conceived plan in a couple of hours. These shubhodeep prasanta das layouts normally have productive directions, and can contain exact phrasings for in excess of 100 various types of businesses.

Monetary Wizards

Monetary wizards can assist you with making your expert pay proclamation, simply by entering your numbers and presumptions into it. Monetary report generators can assist you with making proficient monetary reports, which can incorporate diagrams and charts you can integrate into your reports.

Sorts of Business Plans

You can separate plans as per their capability. Every one of these kinds of utilitarian plans is connected and subject to each other. Here is more data to assist you with looking into them:

Deals and advertising – this sort of plan includes the assembling of your items and administrations and the development of promoting plans.

Creation – This kind of plan includes the assembling of your items and the development of your administrations inside your predetermined arrangement stage.

Business Counseling Arrangements

Proficient advisors can offer you master counsel pretty much every one of the parts of the business world. These master specialists ordinarily have wide foundations in regards to the various fields in business.

These advisors can likewise offer you 24 hour conferences. You can pose them any significant inquiry, and anticipate a response in something like two days or less. Every one of their responses are likewise productively handled and recorded, so you might counsel them for some other time.

Read more

Which Way that Business Development Expert Respond?

Posted on February 14, 2023February 14, 2023 by James McManus

Work titles constantly advance in light of the changing necessities of organizations. An advancement of a business capability could seem to be: salesman, account chief, business development trained professional. A task of a salesman is to offer to clients and imminent clients. A record supervisor ensures that current records are dealt with and administrations. A business development expert could likewise deal with explicit records to assist with fostering the business to its maximum capacity. Business development experts could chip away at accounts yet they could likewise work with the chief group of an organization to foster the business overall. This should be possible through a few techniques, for example,

shubhodeep prasanta das

  • Gathering Business Knowledge – An expert can assist you with finding out about things happening in business and in your industry that can help you strategies.
  • Creating Leads – Lead age and follow-up are imperative parts of bringing in cash. An expert can assist you with uncovering new leads and guarantee that you are making the most of each and every hot and warm lead you get.
  • Key Preparation – Would you say you are anticipating what was in store in light of business knowledge and cutthroat examination? An expert or expert can help.
  • Showcasing – Your promoting procedure will straightforwardly affect your prosperity. An expert can help you market really and measure your prosperity to assist you with proceeding to design and develop.

A business development expert is commonly a combination of a showcasing and a salesman. As a rule this job is a contact between deals, promoting, obtainment, and the board. They will in some cases work inside and now and again they will work straightforwardly with clients also.

Would it be a good idea for you to Foster Your Business?

Organizations that decide to enlist individuals in these jobs or that decide to recruit an expert need to guarantee that besides the fact that they overhauling are existing client needs yet that they exploit potential open doors too. Those potential open doors can exist in light of existing clients, possibilities, and industry changes, like new items and oror administrations.  It is at this point insufficient to deal with your business basically. Such countless things should be thought about while attempting to support your current client base and shubhodeep prasanta das develop. Some business development experts are off the charts valuable; working with your clients, your deals force, your supervisory group, and even with your merchants to guarantee that you are best ready to situate their items also.

Read more

Autonomous Film Producer – Fundamental Tips to Become Achievement

Posted on January 2, 2023January 2, 2023 by James McManus

There is a recognizable proverb in Hollywood that it takes a phenomenal proportion of capacity to make even a horrendous film. Considering that, making a film is a mind-boggling task and each and every day, movies are being made and proposed to a grouping of groups. Since you have a story or a screenplay and the capacity to make a film does not exactly mean you can get cash with the film. Today a lot of movies are being made: and among those being made, somewhat level of the films truly get any money for their free makers. Sure if you make a film for 10,000 and get it that is worth millions for instance, Paranormal Action you obviously will get cash. Nevertheless, Paranormal Movement is the exclusion not the norm. Moreover the publicizing monetary arrangement for that film was during the countless dollars. With that sort of restricted time dollars the film will without a doubt make the filmmaker’s cash.

Film Producer

Look out for the goal: to acquire cash as an independent maker. If you have never made a film and are on a mission to cause a few serious disturbances, good luck. It apparently would not happen. Besides on the off chance that you will probably scrape by as an independent maker you ought to keep two or three major principles towards that goal. In particular have a remarkable story and after you change it into a substance have someone brief you on it. The story should have a beginning, focus and an end. Sounds basic and straight forward, but it is not for the most part the circumstance. First time Ryan Kavanaugh filmmakers and those that are not learners are regularly shooting unnecessarily and modifying exorbitantly lengthy and lose the impact of a good story by setting in a great deal of material

Second keep you are spending low and use performers that acknowledge satisfactory way of behaving. This by and large suggests getting performers that have authorizations and have been in films already. In case you cannot tolerate utilizing List performers, by then approach area network theaters for performers and implore them to be in Ryan Kavanaugh film for the experience. Yet again third, endlessly practice. This is related to keeping your spending low and having the choice to put cash where it makes the biggest difference. Rehearsing is a one area that can make light of the amount of takes. Fourth, start looking for a vendor or arrangements administrator before you start to film. In case you have not bantered with a dealer before you start your film does so presently. Ultimately, keep a nice documentation.

Read more

The Important Factors You Should Look For In Web Data Scraping Service

Posted on December 23, 2022December 22, 2022 by James McManus

Data scraping is a fundamental piece of data examination which contains a progression of exercises that goes from the ‘signifying’ of the thoughts, to the ‘investigation’ of the data and up to the ‘translation’ and ‘assessment’ of the result. The various phases of the strategy are as per the following

  • Targets for Investigation

It is in some cases undeniably challenging to measurably characterize the peculiarity we wish to examine. As a matter of fact, the business goals are much of the time clear, however the equivalent can be challenging to formalize. An unmistakable comprehension of the emergency and the objectives is vital arrangement the investigation accurately. This is without a doubt, one of the most complicated pieces of the cycle, since it lays out the methods to be locked in and in that capacity, the targets should be perfectly clear and there ought not be any uncertainty or vagueness.

  • Collection, gathering and pre-handling of the data

When the targets of the investigation are set and characterized, we really want to accumulate or pick the data required for the review. From the beginning, it is fundamental to perceive the data sources. Generally data are collected from the inner sources as the equivalent are practical and more reliable and besides these data additionally has the advantage of being the result of the encounters and techniques of the actual business.

  • Insightful investigation of the data and their transformation

This stage incorporates a starter assessment of the information accessible. It includes a primer evaluation of the meaning of the assembled data. An exploratory and or insightful investigation can feature the sporadic data. An exploratory investigation is significant in light of the fact that it allows the expert to pick the most reasonable measurable strategy for the ensuing phase of the examination.

  • Picking measurable techniques

There are various factual strategies that can be placed into utilization with the end goal of examination, so arranging the current methods is exceptionally fundamental. The decision measurable technique is case explicit and relies upon the issue and furthermore upon the kind of information accessible.

  • Data investigation based on picked strategies

When the measurable technique is picked, the equivalent should be converted into appropriate calculations for working out the outcomes. Scopes of particular and non-specific software are broadly accessible for data scraping and as such growing impromptu calculation calculations for the most ‘standard’ purpose is not called for 100% of the investment. In any case, it is fundamental that individuals dealing with the data scraping technique very much aware and have a decent information and comprehension of the different strategies for data examination and furthermore the different software arrangements accessible for the equivalent, so they might adjust similar needing the company and can impeccably decipher the outcomes.

The determination of the model ought to be situated conversely, with the outcomes got. While evaluating the exhibition of data scraping service and or type, any remaining ward and or significant rules ought to likewise be thought of. Different standards might be the requirements on the company both as far as time and assets or it could be with regards to quality and the openness of data.

Read more

Posts pagination

  • 1
  • 2
  • 3
  • 4
  • 5
  • Next

Categories

  • Application
  • Automobile
  • Beauty
  • Bitcoin
  • Business
  • Cryptocurrency
  • Digital Marketing
  • Education
  • Entertainment
  • Fashion
  • Finance
  • Games
  • General
  • Health
  • Home
  • Home Improvement
  • Insurance
  • Internet Marketing
  • Law
  • Marketing
  • Pets
  • Photography
  • Real Estate
  • SEO
  • Shopping
  • Social Media
  • Software
  • Sports
  • Technology
  • Travel
  • Uncategorized
  • Web Design
  • Web Development
  • Web Hosting

Archives

  • May 2025
  • March 2025
  • November 2024
  • October 2024
  • August 2024
  • July 2024
  • May 2024
  • April 2024
  • March 2024
  • February 2024
  • January 2024
  • December 2023
  • November 2023
  • October 2023
  • September 2023
  • August 2023
  • May 2023
  • April 2023
  • March 2023
  • February 2023
  • January 2023
  • December 2022
  • November 2022
  • October 2022
  • September 2022
  • August 2022
  • July 2022
  • June 2022
  • May 2022
  • April 2022
  • March 2022
  • February 2022
  • January 2022
  • December 2021
  • November 2021
  • October 2021
  • September 2021
  • August 2021
  • July 2021
  • June 2021
  • May 2021
  • April 2021
  • March 2021
  • February 2021
  • January 2021
  • December 2020
  • November 2020
  • October 2020
  • September 2020
  • August 2020
  • July 2020
  • June 2020
  • May 2020
  • April 2020
  • March 2020
  • February 2020
  • January 2020
  • December 2019
  • November 2019
  • October 2019
  • September 2019
  • August 2019
  • July 2019
Copyright ©2025 . All Rights Reserved | Positive discrimination